(All Bible verse quoted are from NKJV, if not otherwise mentioned).
Genesis 1 and 2
The creation story narrated in the book of Genesis
is fundamental to Christian belief. It tells us that the whole universe was
created by God. When God created the universe, no one witnessed it other than
himself. So only God can describe how he created them. He created everything,
as he has described in Genesis 1 and 2.
Genesis chapters 1 and 2 in the Bible are two narratives about the creation of the earth, the non-living things and living beings on it. The first narration continues to the first three verses of the second chapter. That means Genesis 1:1–2:3 is the first narration. The second narration starts only with Genesis 2:4. This is not an error by the original writer, but happened when the chapter division was done later by a redactor. Originally, no book in the Bible was written by any author with chapter or verse divisions. Chapter divisions were done in the 13th century, and verse divisions were done in the 16th century. These divisions are not fault-proof.
These narrations start as follows:
Genesis 1:1 In
the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
Genesis 2:4
This is the history (generations - KJV) of the heavens and the earth when they
were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens,
Genesis 1 presents a sequential narration of the
“six days of creation” and a seventh day of rest. The creation of man on the
sixth day was the culmination of the whole creation. Or creating humans was the
purpose of creation. Genesis 2 focuses only on one day of that creation week,
the sixth day. It is a detailed narration of human creation.
However, critics have pointed out some seeming
contradictions in the two narratives.
Critical Theory
Liberal theologians and critics assert that the
book of Genesis contains two different accounts of creation, with different
authors and narratives that contradict each other in several particulars.
They argue that the Pentateuch (the first five
books of the Bible) was not authored by Moses but by several ancient writers.
These writings were collected and combined by a “redactor.” A redactor is a
person who puts text into an appropriate form for publication. He is an editor
who selects, adapts, obscures, or removes some information from a work for
publication purposes.
Liberal and critical theologians refer to the
assumed different authors as J, E, P, and D. Some scholars subdivide them even
further as J1, J2, etc.
“J” stands for
“Jehovah,” - the name for God prominent in certain sections.
“E” signifies
Elohim, a divine name that identifies other portions.
“P” reflects a
“Priestly Code.”
“D” identifies
the “Deuteronomic” writer.
This theory, known as the “Documentary Hypothesis,”
was proposed by the French physician Jean Astruc (March 19, 1684, Sauve,
France—May 5, 1766, Paris) and became popular in the 19th century. His family
had mediaeval Jewish ancestry. He did not deny Moses' authorship of Genesis,
but he opined that the Pentateuch was composed based on several sources or
manuscript traditions. His views spurred critical biblical inquiry.
In the case of the “two creation accounts,” Genesis
1 is said to be a “P” document, while Genesis 2 is supposed to be a “J”
narrative. These arguments are supported by the different styles, concepts of
deity, and order of creation events in the two chapters.
Style, scope, and organization
The two creation accounts have different literary
styles, scopes, and organisational principles. Genesis 1 describes the creation
of the entire cosmos, including heaven and earth, over six days. On that day,
God created humans in “Our image, according to Our likeness” and entrusted them
with the earthly realm as his stewards. The climax of the story is God’s rest
on the seventh day. Genesis 2 describes mainly the Garden story. It focuses on
humans in the garden, as if the whole creation was made for humans.
Names of God
The Hebrew generic term 'ĕlōhîm (el-o-heem') is
used throughout Genesis 1 for God. In Genesis 2:4–to the end of the Garden
story (Genesis 3:24), the compound word Yᵊhōvâ 'ĕlōhîm (yeh-ho-vaw' el-o-heem')
is used to say “LORD God”. Yahweh is the covenant name for the God of Israel.
Plants and animals
In Genesis 1, animals and humans were created on
day six, while Genesis 2 seems to imply that humans were created before
animals. Genesis 1:11 records God creating vegetation on the third day. Genesis
2:5 seems to say that prior to the creation of humans, there were no plants.
Genesis 1:11 Then
God said, "Let the earth bring forth grass, the herb that yields seed, and
the fruit tree that yields fruit according to its kind, whose seed is in
itself, on the earth"; and it was so.
Genesis
2:4-5
4
This is the history of the heavens and
the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth
and the heavens,
5
before any plant of the field was in
the earth and before any herb of the field had grown. For the LORD God had not
caused it to rain on the earth, and there was no man to till the ground;
The second narration of the creation begins only in
Genesis 2:4, saying, “This is the history of the heavens and the earth when
they were created." The word “history” is translated as “generations” in
the KJV and ESV. The same sentence continues to say that in the day of
creation, Yahweh Elohim made the earth and the heavens. Verse 5 speaks about
the same day. On that day, there were no shrubs or plants in the field; there
were no rain or human beings.
Genesis 1 and 2 are two different ways of
narration, and hence there is no contradiction. The narration in Genesis 2 is
not in sequential order. It is a description of the Garden of Eden and an
account of the creation of humans. So the author has not narrated the whole
incident that occurred during the six days of creation. On the sixth day, God
created the animals, then created man, and then brought the animals to the man,
allowing the man to name the animals.
We read the creation story in sequential order in
Genesis 1 and some important details in Genesis 2. Genesis 1 and 2 use
different literary devices for these narrations.
The creation order as described in Genesis 1 is as
follows:
|
Day 1: |
The heavens, the earth and light. God divided the
light from the darkness. |
|
Day 2: |
The firmament (sky) and divided the waters which
were under the firmament from the waters which were above the firmament. |
|
Day 3: |
Seas, dry land, grass, herb, and fruit tree |
|
Day 4: |
Sun, moon and stars to give light on the earth. |
|
Day 5: |
living creatures in water, and birds in the sky |
|
Day 6: |
living creatures on the earth, cattle, creeping
things, and beasts. Finally, God created humans “in Our image, according to
Our likeness”. as male and female. |
|
Day 7: |
God rested from His creation works, which is
known as Sabbath. |
The aim of creation
Genesis
2:2-3
2
And on the seventh day God ended His
work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work
which He had done.
3
Then God blessed the seventh day and
sanctified it, because in it He rested from all His work which God had created
and made.
The verse says that God created everything he
intended to create within six days, and after the completion of his creation
works, he rested on the seventh day. God rested, not because he was tired and
needed some rest to refresh his mind and body. God is never tired.
Psalm
121:3-4
3
He will not allow your foot to be
moved; He who keeps you will not slumber.
4
Behold, He who keeps Israel Shall
neither slumber nor sleep.
The word “rested” in verses 2 and 3 is šāḇaṯ
(shaw-bath') in Hebrew. The word means, intermission, to cease or rest from
labour. Verse 3 says that “He rested from all His work”. So the word implies
that God has completed the creation work and rested on the seventh day. The
rest came after the completion of the creation. He left nothing uncreated. The
rest is a proclamation that God has finished the creation.
It is not that God cannot create anything more, but
that God created perfectly what he intended to create. There is nothing more to
add or subtract. Nothing is insufficient or imperfect. He saw everything that
was created and found that “it was very good." And then he ceased to
create and rested on the seventh day.
Genesis 1:31
Then God saw everything that
He had made, and indeed it was very good. So the evening and the morning were
the sixth day.
Why did God stop with the creation of humans? What
was the sole intention of God in the creation of the whole universe and
everything in it? One answer is that God created the heavens and earth, then
light all other things subsequently, as if he is not satisfied with what has
already been created. And finally, as an afterthought, He created humans and
gave them authority over all other non-living things and living beings.
But God was not creating everything randomly until
he came to a “very good” creation. "It was good” and “it was very good”
imply that He had an intention and purpose for creating everything, even the
tiniest creature. God was not appreciating the physical beauty of his
creations, but the qualitative goodness of functionality. They were effective
in fulfilling the function for which he designed them. “Good” and “very good”
are His approvals for their effectiveness. Their function is to preserve the universe
for His special purpose.
God’s intention and purpose of creation
God has not directly revealed to us why he created
the universe and humanity. We can only conclude that God, in His sovereign
authority and power, decided to create the universe and everything in it. God
did not counsel anybody about His creative plan, and he has not explained the
purpose and reason to anybody. God is the sole beneficiary of creation; He
created humans for his benefit.
Colossians 1:16
For by Him (Jesus) all things were created that are in heaven and that are on
earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or
powers. All things were created through Him and for Him.
Romans 11:36
For of Him and through Him and to Him are all things, to whom be glory forever.
Amen.
Surely the whole universe proclaims His glory.
Psalm 19:1 The
heavens declare the glory of God; And the firmament shows His handiwork.
But the glory of God is neither multiplied nor
decreased by the creation of the universe. Even without creation, God is
glorious.
In the Book of Job, God appears to Job and his
friends in chapter 38 and asks certain questions pertaining to the creation of
the world.
Job 38: 4
"Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth? Tell Me, if you
have understanding.
Job 38:6 To
what were its foundations fastened? Or who laid its cornerstone,
Job 40:2
"Shall the one who contends with the Almighty correct Him? He who rebukes
God, let him answer it."
Job 41: 11 Who
has preceded Me, that I should pay him? Everything under heaven is Mine.
Job could not answer any of His questions. So he
said:
Job
42:1-3
1
Then Job answered the LORD and said:
2
"I know that You can do
everything, And that no purpose of Yours can be withheld from You.
3
You asked, 'Who is this who hides
counsel without knowledge?' Therefore I have uttered what I did not understand,
Things too wonderful for me, which I did not know.
God asked all these questions to make Job and his
friends realise the sovereign will of God in the creation of the universe and
humans. God asked questions but did not give any answers. He is not bound to
explain his work to anyone.
Though not directly stated, the scripture helps us
understand God’s purpose in creation. We may rightly infer that His aim behind
the whole creation of the world was to create humans and place them in a
congenial environment to live and work as faithful stewards of it.
God decided to create humans not after he had
created the beast of the earth, cattle, and everything that creeped upon the
earth on the sixth day (Genesis 1:25). He decided to create humans long before
he started creating the heavens and the earth, even before he laid the
foundation of the world.
God created the animals, birds, and all the
creatures that live in the sea. But humans are the only creature that God made
“in Our image, according to Our likeness”. We are the only creation who will be
“like Him” in the future.
1 John 3:2
Beloved, now we are children of God; and it has not yet been revealed what we
shall be, but we know that when He is revealed, we shall be like Him, for we
shall see Him as He is.
Romans 8:29 For
whom He foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son,
that He might be the firstborn among many brethren.
1 Corinthians
15:49 And as we have borne the image of the man of dust, we shall also bear the
image of the heavenly Man.
Philippians
3:21 (the Lord Jesus Christ) who will transform our lowly body that it may be
conformed to His glorious body, according to the working by which He is able
even to subdue all things to Himself.
Colossians 3:4
When Christ who is our life appears, then you also will appear with Him in
glory.
God designed humans as beings a little lower than
the angels but crowned with glory and honour.
Psalms 8:5 For
You have made him a little lower than the angels, And You have crowned him with
glory and honor.
God created humans with the intention of bringing
many sons and daughters to glory.
Hebrews 2:10
For it was fitting for Him, for whom are all things and by whom are all things,
in bringing many sons to glory, to make the captain of their salvation perfect
through sufferings.
All these verses show that God’s intention in the
creation of the universe was to create humans “in Our image, according to Our
likeness,” who will live eternally in the same status. Though at present humans
are in a fallen condition, they will be restored to their original status of
being “in Our image, according to Our likeness”.
God created humans to be his people and his special
possession.
1 Peter 2:9 But
you are a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, His own special
people, that you may proclaim the praises of Him who called you out of darkness
into His marvelous light;
And this “special possession” will be united with
Christ for eternity.
1
Thessalonians 4:16-17
16
For the Lord Himself will descend from
heaven with a shout, with the voice of an archangel, and with the trumpet of
God. And the dead in Christ will rise first.
17
Then we who are alive and remain shall be
caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And
thus we shall always be with the Lord.
Before the foundation of the world
In Ephesians 1:4-5, Paul says that God decided to
create humans before the foundation of the world. This verse is referring to a
time in the timeless eternity of the past when God decided to create humans. He
chose them in Christ to be holy and blameless in His sight. He adopted humans
to sonship through Jesus Christ in accordance with his pleasure and will.
Ephesians
1:4-5
4
just as He (God) chose us in Him (Jesus
Christ) before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without
blame before Him in love,
5
having predestined us to adoption as sons
by Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will,
2 Thessalonians
2:13 But we are bound to give thanks to God always for you, brethren beloved by
the Lord, because God from the beginning chose you for salvation through
sanctification by the Spirit and belief in the truth,
Revelation 13:8
All who dwell on the earth will worship him (the beast), whose names have not
been written in the Book of Life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the
world.
These verses reveal a prehistoric time in eternity
when God decided to create humans and His purpose for creating them. God
created the whole universe as a comfortable habitat for his precious creation
of humans. His love for humans is revealed in the beauty of the universe. His
provision for humans is revealed in the creation of both non-living things and
living creatures. God created everything to prepare a habitat that will provide
humans with everything they need and then put them in it on earth.
Psalms
8:3-6
3
When I consider Your heavens, the work
of Your fingers, The moon and the stars, which You have ordained,
4
What is man that You are mindful of
him, And the son of man that You visit him?
5
For You have made him a little lower
than the angels, And You have crowned him with glory and honor.
6
You have made him to have dominion over
the works of Your hands; You have put all things under his feet,
“What is man that You are mindful of him” proclaims
the dignity of humans in the eyes of God, despite their seeming insignificance.
God honours human beings greatly, so much so that He gave them authority over
all other creation.
Verse 6 says that “You have made him to have
dominion over the works of Your hands; You have put all things under his
feet.”. This echoes Genesis 1:26, 28, and 2:19.
Genesis
1:26, 28
26
Then God said, "Let Us make man in
Our image, according to Our likeness; let them have dominion over the fish of
the sea, over the birds of the air, and over the cattle, over all the earth and
over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth."
28
Then God blessed them, and God said to
them, "Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have
dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every
living thing that moves on the earth."
Genesis 2:19
Out of the ground, the LORD God formed every beast of the field and every bird
of the air, and he brought them to Adam to see what he would call them. And
whatever Adam called each living creature, that was its name.
God’s provision
Now let us look at the whole process of creation
once again. God decided, by His sovereign will, to create humans before the
foundation of the universe as a chosen generation, a royal priesthood, a holy
nation, His own special people, for they will proclaim the praises of Him. To
accommodate them, God created the whole universe, the earth, and everything on
it.
God created a suitable habitat that would provide
everything for humans to live eternally before He created humans. He created
and fixed the laws of preservation of all non-living things and laws for
procreation of all living creatures that would continue eternally. God was not
creating the sun and other things after he created humans. God knew that humans
need the sun, moon, day, night, vegetation, fish, and animals for the upkeep of
an environment that will be suitable for them to live in.
God created the provision before He created the
beneficiaries. God’s provision came before His creation of humans. God works in
the same way to this day for His people. He has provided the provision before we
are born in this world.
God rested on the seventh day because He has
provided everything for humans to live eternally on earth. He has nothing to
create for humans anymore. So the seventh day of rest also speaks of God’s
provision for humans. Rest means God has provided everything for us.
God is not inactive
Rest does not mean that God is inactive after
creation. God is actively intervening, controlling the world even today.
Everything in this universe is under his active authority. We know for sure
from human history.
Job 7:17-18 (Job
said) "What is man, that You should exalt him, That You should set Your
heart on him, That You should visit him every morning, And test him every
moment?
Psalm 91:10-11 No
evil shall befall you, Nor shall any plague come near your dwelling; For He
shall give His angels charge over you, To keep you in all your ways.
Romans 8:28 And
we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those
who are the called according to His purpose.
Hebrews 1:3 who
being the brightness of His glory and the express image of His person, and upholding all
things by the word of His power, when He had by Himself purged our sins,
sat down at the right hand of the Majesty on high,
Rest only means that God has made provisions for
everything.
Sabbath and God’s
Provision
Let us read Genesis 2:2-3 once again:
Genesis
2:2-3
2
And on the seventh day God ended His
work which He had done, and He rested on the seventh day from all His work
which He had done.
3
Then God blessed the seventh day and
sanctified it, because in it He rested from all His work which God had created
and made.
As we have already said above, the word “rested” in
verses 2 and 3 is šāḇaṯ (shaw-bath') in Hebrew. The word means intermission, to
cease or rest from labour. We also read the same word used for Sabbath in
Leviticus 25:2.
Leviticus 25:2 "Speak
to the children of Israel and say to them: 'When you come into the land which I
give you, then the land shall keep a sabbath to the LORD.
In the New Testament the Greek word for sabbath is “sabaton”
(sab'-bat-on), which is of Hebrew origin. And so the meaning is same.
Matthew 12:8 "For
the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath."
Israelites were not permitted to do any work on
Sabbath by Mosaic law.
Exodus 20:10 but
the seventh day is the Sabbath of the LORD your God. In it you shall do no
work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your
female servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates.
That means the Sabbath day of rest is an assurance
of God’s provision and our dependence on Him. It is believing that God has
already made provision for us to live on this earth and to live eternally.
In Exodus 16, the Israelites reached the wilderness
of Sin, in between Elim and Sinai. It was the fifteenth day of the second month
after they departed from the land of Egypt. They have run out of the daily
provisions they carried with them from Egypt. They were entering the
wilderness. So, they were afraid that they would die of hunger in the desert.
They did not believe that God had already made provisions for them to live in
the wilderness too. So they complained against Moses and Aaron.
God appeared to Moses and told them that He would
give them bread from heaven. Every day they should gather a certain quota of
this heavenly food for one day, and on the sixth day they should gather it for
two days. Because the seventh day is Sabbath, a day of rest.
Exodus 16:4-5
Then the LORD said to Moses, "Behold, I will rain bread from heaven for
you. And the people shall go out and gather a certain quota every day, that I
may test them, whether they will walk in My law or not. And it shall be on the
sixth day that they shall prepare what they bring in, and it shall be twice as
much as they gather daily."
The seventh day is the Sabbath, a day of rest. It
was a day when the Israelites lived on God’s provision. God will provide for
the seventh day on the previous sixth day itself.
As a part of the Mosaic covenant, God gave laws to
the Israelites about observing the Sabbath year, which is every seventh year.
They were forbidden to sow or reap in the sabbatical year. They could eat as
food everything that grows naturally in the field, but they could not store it.
All fields were free for the rich, poor, servants, strangers, animals, and
birds.
Leviticus
25:1-7
1
And the LORD spoke to Moses on Mount
Sinai, saying,
2
"Speak to the children of Israel
and say to them: 'When you come into the land which I give you, then the land
shall keep a sabbath to the LORD.
3
'Six years you shall sow your field,
and six years you shall prune your vineyard, and gather its fruit;
4
'but in the seventh year there shall be
a sabbath of solemn rest for the land, a sabbath to the LORD. You shall neither
sow your field nor prune your vineyard.
5
'What grows of its own accord of your
harvest you shall not reap, nor gather the grapes of your untended vine, for it
is a year of rest for the land.
6
'And the sabbath produce of the land
shall be food for you: for you, your male and female servants, your hired man,
and the stranger who dwells with you,
7
'for your livestock and the beasts that
are in your land-all its produce shall be for food.
The harvest of the sixth year was sufficient for
them for the seventh and eighth years, until what they sowed in the eighth year
was harvested.
The same principle was applicable to the Jubilee
year as well, which was the fiftieth year.
Leviticus
25:11-12
11
'That fiftieth year shall be a Jubilee to
you; in it you shall neither sow nor reap what grows of its own accord, nor
gather the grapes of your untended vine.
12
'For it is the Jubilee; it shall be holy
to you; you shall eat its produce from the field.
Leviticus
25:20-22
20
'And if you say, "What shall we eat
in the seventh year, since we shall not sow nor gather in our produce?"
21
'Then I will command My blessing on you in the sixth year, and it
will bring forth produce enough for three years.
22
'And you shall sow in the eighth year,
and eat old produce until the ninth year; until its produce comes in, you shall
eat of the old harvest.
God can provide for his people even without regular
sowing and reaping. He will bless their sixth-year harvest so that it will
produce three times, sufficient for three years. When a jubilee year comes, the
eighth year (fiftieth year) is also a sabbatical year. So, they cannot sow or
reap in the eighth year either. A sabbatical year commences in the autumn.
During the jubilee year, sowing and harvesting were suspended during the
seventh and eighth years. The produce of the sixth year, which was harvested in
the seventh month of that year, sufficed for three years, until the harvest of
the ninth or fifty-first year.
A sabbatical rest is a time of God’s miraculous
providence that He has provided in advance. That is why our Lord Jesus Christ
commanded us not to worry about tomorrow.
Matthew
6:25-34
25
"Therefore I say to you, do not
worry about your life, what you will eat or what you will drink; nor about your
body, what you will put on. Is not life more than food and the body more than
clothing?
26
"Look at the birds of the air, for
they neither sow nor reap nor gather into barns; yet your heavenly Father feeds
them. Are you not of more value than they?
27
"Which of you by worrying can add
one cubit to his stature?
28 "So why do you worry about clothing?
Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow: they neither toil nor spin;
29
"and yet I say to you that even
Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.
30
"Now if God so clothes the grass of
the field, which today is, and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, will He not
much more clothe you, O you of little faith?
31
"Therefore do not worry, saying,
'What shall we eat?' or 'What shall we drink?' or 'What shall we wear?'
32
"For after all these things the
Gentiles seek. For your heavenly Father knows that you need all these things.
33
"But seek first the kingdom of God
and His righteousness, and all these things shall be added to you.
34
"Therefore do
not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about its own things.
Sufficient for the day is its own trouble.
Luke
12:22-31
22
Then He said to His disciples,
"Therefore I say to you, do not worry about your life, what you will eat;
nor about the body, what you will put on.
23
"Life is more than food, and the
body is more than clothing.
24
"Consider the ravens, for they
neither sow nor reap, which have neither storehouse nor barn; and God feeds
them. Of how much more value are you than the birds?
25
"And which of you by worrying can
add one cubit to his stature?
26
"If you then are not able to do the
least, why are you anxious for the rest?
27
"Consider the lilies, how they grow:
they neither toil nor spin; and yet I say to you, even Solomon in all his glory
was not arrayed like one of these.
28
"If then God so clothes the grass,
which today is in the field and tomorrow is thrown into the oven, how much more
will He clothe you, O you of little faith?
29
"And do not seek what you should eat
or what you should drink, nor have an anxious mind.
30
"For all these things the nations of
the world seek after, and your Father knows that you need these things.
31
"But seek the kingdom of God, and
all these things shall be added to you.
Coram Deo
God not only made provisions for our physical lives
but also for our spiritual salvation from sin. Jesus is God’s provision for
human salvation. He was predestined for human salvation before the foundation
of the world.
Revelation 13:8
All who dwell on the earth will worship him, whose names have not been written
in the Book of Life of the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world.
Theologians who advocate covenant theology speak of
three theological covenants. They are the Covenant of Redemption, the Covenant
of Works, and the Covenant of Grace. The covenant of redemption is a
pre-temporal, intra-Trinitarian covenant intended for the salvation of humans.
Pre-temporal means it is pre-historic. Intra-Trinitarian means it is a covenant
within the triune God.
It is a covenant made in eternity past among the
three persons of the Trinity: the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. The purpose was
to elect, atone for, and save the elect people for salvation and eternal life.
It aimed to redeem a people for the glory of God and the eternal good of His
people.
Redemption involves election, atonement, and
salvation. The salvation of the elect was God’s intention from the very
beginning of creation. The Father granted the Son, by an eternal covenant, a
people to save and to redeem. For that purpose, the Father elects the people to
save. The Son redeems them through His life, death, and resurrection. The Holy
Spirit applies the redeeming work of the Son to those whom the Father has
chosen. However, each person of the Trinity is involved in all these aspects of
the covenant of redemption.
Ephesians 1:4 just
as He (God and Father) chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that
we should be holy and without blame before Him in love,
Ephesians 3:11
according to the eternal purpose which He accomplished in Christ Jesus our
Lord,
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